interesting point about beer frank, I totally agree that the invention of farming should be on the poll,. Like you said it allowed for more permanant settlements so that we could invent even more and progress civilization.
I thought about gun powder and I'm all for guns and their uses and effect on history. Though I think that without the gun we would still find ways to kill each other for whatever reason. It is just that we can touch somone from a greater distance now.
My pick is electicity. Seems to me that this invention had the biggest impact in the shortest amount of time. All of the other options I listed are huge and are indeed neccisary for everything else thereafter, but they took centuries to develop and perfect.
One last thought: Seems our picks are reflections of what is important to us. Chris=planes, Marc= Modern appliances, Frank = beer & guns